Internal-combustion engine.



P. W. MONTGOMERY.

INTERNAL comsusnow ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILM) MAR. 28. I917.

Patented Oct. 8, l9l8.

Z SHEEIS SHEET 1.

P. W. MONTGOMERY. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 28, 19W.

Patented Oct. 8, 1918.

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PERCY WILLIAM MONTGOMERY, OF LEICHHARDT, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 8, 1918.

Application filed March 28, 1917. Serial No. 158,064.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PERCY WILLIAM MONTGOMERY, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at 21 Hathern street, Leichhardt, in the State of New South Wales, Commonwealth of Australia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines comprising a compression cylinder and a firin cylinder, the pistons of which move sync ronously and in which the passage between said cylinders is controlled by a valve. More specifically, the invention relates to said valve.

The object of the invention is to effect certain improvements in and relating to said valve whereby it may with facility be wholly withdrawn for examination, repair and adjustment, and whereby the valve when in the closed position, is balanced so that a comparatively light actuating means and controlling s ring may be emp oyed to open the valve an return it to and maintain it on its seat or in the closed position.

With these objects the invention consists in providing in an internal combustion engine, a controlling valve operating in a ported removable sleeve or casing located in or as near as is conveniently possible to the cylinder head (which may be the head of the firing cylinder or a head common to both cylinders if located side by side), said valve being mechanically operated, spring returned, and balanced by a piston operating in said sleeve. The invention further consists of means whereby pressure is also admitted to the rear of said piston immediately the "alve is moved from its seat so that the valve actuating means has not to maintain the valve open against the pressure on the piston which would otherwise tend to close it.

These improvements are hereinafter fully described by reference to the accompanying drawings, and more particularly specified in the appended claim.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a .longitudinal vertical sectional elevation of a single engine with firing and compression cylinders side by side.

Fig. 2 1s a transverse sectional elevation through the compression cylinder of the same.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional elevation on a larger scale through the balanced valve at the top of the compression cylinder, and

4 is a transverse section of the same.

Fig. 5 is a similar view to Fig. 3 showing a modification whereby the engine is adapted for the use of crude oil as hereinafter described, and an alternative form of valve. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of an engine in which the firing and clompression cylinders are arranged in tancm.

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a duplex engine having two firing cylinders and a compression cylinder for eac 1.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive the firing cylinder 10 is arranged alongside and parallel with the colnpressi n cylinder 11, and their respective pistons 2 and 13 are connected by rods 14 and 15 to a common crank pin 16 of the crank shaft 17 rotatably mounted in the crank case 18, the said pistons thus working synchronously.

The charge of mixed vaporized fuel and air 1s drawn into the compression cylinder 11 on the downward stroke of its piston 13 through the opening 19, suction valve 20, passage 21 and port 22, said valve 20 being lifted against the pressure of spring 23 by rod 24 contacting with an arm 25 upon a shaft 26 mounted in bearings 27, 27 and oscillated intermittently by the contact of an arm 28 with a cam 29 on the shaft 17.

On the upward stroke of the piston 13 the charge is compressed, and at or about the top of the stroke the balanced valve 30 is opened to admit the compressed charge to the firing chamber '31 of the cylinder 10 whereupon the said valve 30 closes and the charge in chamber 31 is fired by the sparking plug 32 and propels piston 12 downwardly.

The exhaust from cylinder 10 escapes through passage 33, exhaust valve 34 and eduction orifice 35, said valvebeing operated against the pressure of spring 36 .by rod 37 contacting with the before-mentioned cam 29, but alternating with the operation of suction valve 20.

The control valve 30 is-mounted upon a rod 38 traversing longitudinally a cylindrical casing 39 screwed into the cylinder head and having afiixed on it a piston 40 and a guide 49 fitting said casing a port 49 registering with port 22 and passage 21. Said piston 40 is arranged to butt against the end of the casing (see Fig. 3) when the valve 30 is closed on its seat so that the pressure cannot operate upon the whole rear face of the piston 40 and a state of practical equilibrium exists. Immediately the valve is lifted ofi its seat (as hereinafter explained) the aperture 41 establishes communication between both *sides of the piston 40 and the valve 30 may open freely.

It will be understood that when the valve 30 is closed the rear face of piston 40 abuts against the head of the cylindrical casing, and

the cylindrical art of the piston should just cover port 41, t ough it is not essential'that it should do so as any escape of gas operates merely on the small effective area represented by the tapered part of the piston and its effect is counter-balanced by the spring 44, so that the state of practical equilibrium of the valve and piston is not disturbed. The tapered part of the piston is provided to afiord a clear passage for gas to enter behind the piston and operate on its whole area immediately it leaves the casing head, while affording means for escape of the gas when the valve closes and the piston moves toward the casing head. Otherwise, the gas would be imprisoned and prevent the valve from closing. a

The rod 38 is extended-through a gland 42 and terminates in a nut 43 between which and the said gland is a helical spring 4A tending to close the valve 30. The opening of the valve 30 as and when required is effected by means of the cam 45 on the shaft 17 by means of rod 46 and cranked lever 47 pivoted at 48, the long arm of said lever contacting with the terminal nut 43 of spindle 38.

In high compression engines using crude oil the latter is not drawn intothe compression cylinder with the air but is injected in an atomized or finely sprayed condition into the firing chamber 31 of the firing cylinder at-the same time as the compressed air is admitted thereto. Fig. 5 illustrates a valve arrangement for controlling theadmission of, crude oil, the adjacent parts being as before described and the same reference nu- 'merals used to indicate them.

asses es \v In Fig. 5 the crude oil is supplied under piston type of valve may be used in the other constructions illustrated or alternatively the mushroom type valve before described may be used in conjunction with the oil admission valve 52.

In Fig. 6 the firing and compression cylinders 10 and 11 respectively are arranged in tandem the latter being of larger diameter than the former and a compoundstepped trunk piston 12, 13 is fitted in them. Only one connecting rod 15 is required and this operates on a single crank 16". The compressed charge from the cylinder 11 passes through passage 56 to the balanced valve casing 39.

The actuation of the various valves is effected as before by rod lever and cam arrangements illustrated diagrammatically; the balanced valve 30 being actuated by cranked lever 57 rod 58, and arm 59 pivoted at 60 and cam 61; the exhaust valve 34 through its rod 37 arm 62 pivoted at 63 and cam 29; and the suction valve 20 through its rod 24: arm 64: pivoted at 65 and said cam 29. The other parts of the engine are as before described and the same reference numerals used to indicate them.

In Fig. 7 the engine is practically a duplication of that illustrated in Fig. 1, and has two firing cylinders 10. 10. and two compression cylinders 11. 11. having 'stons 12. 12. and 13; 13. respectively. The pistons of one of said firing cylinders and its compression cylinder are connected to one crank 16 and those of the other pair to another crank 66' set at 180 to the first crank.

It will be understood that the herein described means for introducing crude oil may be provided in either construction of engine illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7.

WhatjI claim as my invention is In an, internal combustionengine comprising a compression cylinder and a firing cylinder, the combination with said cylinders of a removable cylindrical sleeve located a head, a. port in said-sleeve in communication with the compression cylinder, a rod disposed axially'in said sleeve and extending through the head thereof, a valve on said rod controlling the communication of said memos sleeve with the firing cylinder, a piston mounted on said rod and fitting said sleeve, said piston balancing the pressure tending to open said valve and abutt ng and seating against the sleeve head when the valve is in the closed position, a port in communication with the C-OII'IPIQSSiOIl cylinder to admit pressure therefrom behind said piston immediately the valve is moved toward the opened position, timed mechanical means for actu- 10 ating said valve rod, and a spring to return said valve to the closed position.

Signed at Sydney, in the State of New South Vales, Commonwealth of Australia, this ninth day of February, A. D. 1917.

PERCY WILLIAM MONTGOMERY. 

